LO 1. Understand the difference between personnel management and human Essay

LO 1. Comprehend the distinction between staff the board and human asset the executives LO 2. See how to enlist emp - Essay Example LO. 1 Understand the Difference between Personnel Management and Human-Resource Management Personnel the board Personnel the executives is characterized as: 1. getting, 2. keeping up, and 3. Using the fulfilled workforce The target of staff the executives is to accomplish the strategic vision explanations of the association. Faculty the executives is a principal pat of the administration, which is for the most part worried about the representatives just as their associations with the association. It is central to take note of that staff the board is mostly managerial in nature whereby it bargains representatives, the work laws and their finance among other authoritative capacities. Faculty the board is viewed as responsive since it offers requests and worries as they are introduced though from an inspirational idea, it predominantly keeps an eye on just persuade the representatives through rewards, pay and rewards. Prominent HR the executives have characterized staff the executives a s the way toward: sorting out, arranging, combination, upkeep, and Compensation of the representatives. The central motivation behind this procedure is o successfully add to: cultural, individual and Organizational objectives. Objectives of the Personnel Management 1. ... To make powerful between close to home relations simultaneously building up a feeling of responsiveness and obligation among the representatives and the laborers. Faculty the executives embraces the best possible strategies or methods so as to bring the most ideal advancements of the representatives on work by participation among capital and work (Randhawa, 2007). Human Resource Management Human-asset the executives is the basic capacity inside an association that predominantly centers around the board, enlistment just as offering headings to the workers with the goal for them to accomplish the associations' targets. The line chiefs can play out these capacities since these days; human-asset the executives courses are a vital piece of the line managers’ preparing. Human-asset the board is a hierarchical job that manages: recruiting, wellbeing, health, execution the executives, pay, employees’ inspiration, organization, correspondence, and Training. Human-asset the board is a vital methodology that oversees representatives just as the working environment condition and culture. Powerful human-asset the board plays a crucial capacity in guaranteeing that a worker can contribute profitably and adequately to the organizations’ by and large bearings and have the option to accomplish the organization’s targets and objectives. Human-asset the board includes moving ceaselessly from the old customary value-based, organization and individual jobs. As of now, a human-asset chief is completely expected to include esteem, particularly to the key usage of the workers and to guarantee that the different representative projects directly affect the business in quantifiable manners. Probably the most recent

Whoosh! How to Stop Deadlines Whizzing Past

Whoosh! Step by step instructions to Stop Deadlines Whizzing Past Whoosh! Step by step instructions to Stop Deadlines Whizzing Past No one prefers a cutoff time. In the case of nothing else, it has the word â€Å"dead† in it, which is once in a while ameliorating. All the more pressingly, attempting to work to a cutoff time can be extremely upsetting. A few people, similar to creator Douglas Adams, adapt to this worry by overlooking cutoff times totally: â€Å"I love cutoff times. I love the whooshing clamor they make as they go by.† Lamentably, this isn’t a possibility for your normal undergrad, as missing a cutoff time will mean missing out on marks. This could, thus, influence your general evaluation, so you have to turn in your assignments on time at whatever point conceivable. In any case, how might you ensure you do this? We have a couple suggestions†¦ 1. Start Early! This may sound self-evident, however the most widely recognized error individuals make when attempting to cutoff times is to (wrongly) expect they have additional time than they truly do. Before you know it, your works due and you’re compelled to surge the creative cycle. You can maintain a strategic distance from this pressure (and the low quality work that normally results) basically by not leaving your paper until the latest possible time. On which note†¦ 2. Have a Plan To ensure you have sufficient opportunity to complete your paper, you ought to define an arrangement before you begin composing. This incorporates the time you’ll need to look into your paper, review it, and make any corrections required before presenting the last form. In any event, you should attempt to draw a blueprint of your contention so you comprehend what you have to accomplish for each area of your paper, just as how your contention hangs all together. This will make it a lot simpler to defeat any issues you experience while working. 3. Separate Tasks into Manageable Chunks An elegantly composed paper is once in a while completed in one meeting, so if you’re dealing with a more extended exposition you should deal with it in littler lumps. This will cause it to appear to be less overwhelming, notwithstanding letting you plan work all the more viably. Also, as long as you start sufficiently early (see above), composing a passage or two daily ought to get you over the end goal in time. 4. Organize Your Work On the off chance that you do have a cutoff time drawing closer, you have to organize. This essentially includes realizing which undertakings are generally significant and being happy to put different things aside until they’re done. For instance, despite the fact that you may host been welcome to a gathering on Wednesday night, you ought to most likely organize work if you’ve got a cutoff time on Thursday. Sorry to be a buzzkill about it. 5. Vanquish Procrastination The last obstacle each understudy (and every other person) must beat when attempting to a cutoff time is the inclination to tarry. Time the executives is a major piece of this, however it’s additionally imperative to make a situation liberated from interruptions and to permit yourself standard breaks to keep away from exhaustion.

Networking It is, by and Large, who you Know

Networking It is, by and Large, who you Know The Importance of Networking and How to do it at University The Importance of Networking and How to do it at University For many people, the term ‘networking’ conjures up images of contrived meetings and forced interactions. Making a friend is an authentic, organic experience, but networking involves a much more conscious self-interest. ‘How can this person help me?’ sounds like an inherently selfish question to ask oneself. What is networking at university and college? But networking is about establishing relationships with people that may also include a genuine friendship which are nonetheless based on understanding, respect, and a mutual benefit. While it may feel slightly odd to attend seminars and events and approach complete strangers for the sole purpose of finding people who might be of use to you at some point in the future, forming strategic relationships and alliances is a part of life, and, like it or not, a large part of professional and financial success. Below are some of the most important things to understand about networking while at school. Networking events are for networking For some, especially those who crave authentic experiences, networking events (whether organized by a particular faculty, campus-wide, or altogether independent from the university or college) can seem like a daunting process. You walk up to someone you potentially have never met before, extend your hand, and introduce yourself fully knowing that you are appraising their usefulness to you, and they are doing the same on the other end. You need to put this discomfort in the back of your mind. Everyone at the event knows what you are there for. You are trying to make interpersonal connections that will help you. If you find someone you want to include in your professional network, and they are receptive, then it is important to create that relationship as there is potential value for both parties. Establish a goal for your networking event A LinkedIn article entitled “How to Nail Your Next Networking Event in 5 Easy Steps” has setting a goal as the first, and prerequisite step for all networking functions. Go into your networking event with a clear idea of how many people you want to talk to, and how many new connections you would like to add to your network. It helps to set a goal before beginning any kind of networking event because it makes the task seem less daunting. Successfully navigating a multi-hour networking event full of hundreds of people can feel like the most intimidating task of your life. Instead, set your parameters before beginning. Ask yourself how many people you would like to meet. If the networking opportunity offers a list of all attendees, along with their credentials, hobbies, interest, and previous work/academic experience, do your homework before going so that you can strike up a more genuine, more authentic conversation with the people you would like to talk to. At an event with over 200 attendees, you are likely only going to want to talk to a handful of them anyways. Listen before you speak When meeting someone for the first time, whether it be a professional connection, or a friendship, many people want to make a great, first impression. You want to make a good impression on the person you’re talking to, which, in part, means communicating and advertising the good qualities you bring to the table. While it is important to do this well, and to do it without sounding arrogant, or full of bravado, it is equally, if not more important to understand that networking at university and college involves a healthy amount of listening. A 2018 Forbes article entitled “To Communicate Well, Listen First” claims that in order to even hope to have a fruitful conversation with someone (or a group of people), you must first understand their needs and concerns in order to then respond with something that will resonate with them. Simply jumping into your sales pitch, or spiel about what you bring to the table, or why someone should give you the time of day means you will likely end up talking past the person. Furthermore, networking often implies talking to people you know very little about. If you want to form any kind of a personal connection with the individuals you are talking to, really listening to what they have to say will allow you to come up with much more thoughtful responses to their statements and questions. A common mistake made by people who do not understand the art of conversation is using the time when they are not speaking, and should be listening, to go over what they are dying to say themselves. If you are on the edge of your seat waiting to blurt out what’s on your mind, it will likely show. The value of a professional network Ask any successful person you know whether it’s a friend, a relative, or a boss and most, if not all of them will undoubtedly credit their social and professional network with opening the door to opportunities. You hear people talk frequently about their “shot,” and who gave it to them someone who recognized their talent or value, and provided them with an opportunity to demonstrate what they were made of. Most successful people, if they are entirely honest with themselves, can trace their current success back to both their talent, as well as their strategic network of friends, contacts, and associates. They also know how to communicate their value to other people which involves being able to write and design a stellar resume and personal statements. Networking does not come natural to a great many people, but its value and necessity is understood by everyone who has used it to bolster their professional and social lives. Before any networking event, you should already understand what you bring to the table, and how you are going to let the world know. If, on the other hand, you need help marketing yourself, or understanding how to highlight and advertise your positive qualities, contact Homework Help Global, and let us help put together a self-marketing plan that will let you nail networking at university and college. References: Brenner, D. (2018). “To Communicate Well, Listen First.” Forbes. Retrieved from: #6d6fb85232a9 Frank, J. (2015). “How to Nail Your Next Networking Event in 5 Easy Steps.” LinkedIn. Retrieved from: how-nail-your-next-networking-event-5-easy-steps-judy-frank Networking It is, by and Large, who you Know The Importance of Networking and How to do it at University The Importance of Networking and How to do it at University For many people, the term ‘networking’ conjures up images of contrived meetings and forced interactions. Making a friend is an authentic, organic experience, but networking involves a much more conscious self-interest. ‘How can this person help me?’ sounds like an inherently selfish question to ask oneself. What is networking at university and college? But networking is about establishing relationships with people that may also include a genuine friendship which are nonetheless based on understanding, respect, and a mutual benefit. While it may feel slightly odd to attend seminars and events and approach complete strangers for the sole purpose of finding people who might be of use to you at some point in the future, forming strategic relationships and alliances is a part of life, and, like it or not, a large part of professional and financial success. Below are some of the most important things to understand about networking while at school. Networking events are for networking For some, especially those who crave authentic experiences, networking events (whether organized by a particular faculty, campus-wide, or altogether independent from the university or college) can seem like a daunting process. You walk up to someone you potentially have never met before, extend your hand, and introduce yourself fully knowing that you are appraising their usefulness to you, and they are doing the same on the other end. You need to put this discomfort in the back of your mind. Everyone at the event knows what you are there for. You are trying to make interpersonal connections that will help you. If you find someone you want to include in your professional network, and they are receptive, then it is important to create that relationship as there is potential value for both parties. Establish a goal for your networking event A LinkedIn article entitled “How to Nail Your Next Networking Event in 5 Easy Steps” has setting a goal as the first, and prerequisite step for all networking functions. Go into your networking event with a clear idea of how many people you want to talk to, and how many new connections you would like to add to your network. It helps to set a goal before beginning any kind of networking event because it makes the task seem less daunting. Successfully navigating a multi-hour networking event full of hundreds of people can feel like the most intimidating task of your life. Instead, set your parameters before beginning. Ask yourself how many people you would like to meet. If the networking opportunity offers a list of all attendees, along with their credentials, hobbies, interest, and previous work/academic experience, do your homework before going so that you can strike up a more genuine, more authentic conversation with the people you would like to talk to. At an event with over 200 attendees, you are likely only going to want to talk to a handful of them anyways. Listen before you speak When meeting someone for the first time, whether it be a professional connection, or a friendship, many people want to make a great, first impression. You want to make a good impression on the person you’re talking to, which, in part, means communicating and advertising the good qualities you bring to the table. While it is important to do this well, and to do it without sounding arrogant, or full of bravado, it is equally, if not more important to understand that networking at university and college involves a healthy amount of listening. A 2018 Forbes article entitled “To Communicate Well, Listen First” claims that in order to even hope to have a fruitful conversation with someone (or a group of people), you must first understand their needs and concerns in order to then respond with something that will resonate with them. Simply jumping into your sales pitch, or spiel about what you bring to the table, or why someone should give you the time of day means you will likely end up talking past the person. Furthermore, networking often implies talking to people you know very little about. If you want to form any kind of a personal connection with the individuals you are talking to, really listening to what they have to say will allow you to come up with much more thoughtful responses to their statements and questions. A common mistake made by people who do not understand the art of conversation is using the time when they are not speaking, and should be listening, to go over what they are dying to say themselves. If you are on the edge of your seat waiting to blurt out what’s on your mind, it will likely show. The value of a professional network Ask any successful person you know whether it’s a friend, a relative, or a boss and most, if not all of them will undoubtedly credit their social and professional network with opening the door to opportunities. You hear people talk frequently about their “shot,” and who gave it to them someone who recognized their talent or value, and provided them with an opportunity to demonstrate what they were made of. Most successful people, if they are entirely honest with themselves, can trace their current success back to both their talent, as well as their strategic network of friends, contacts, and associates. They also know how to communicate their value to other people which involves being able to write and design a stellar resume and personal statements. Networking does not come natural to a great many people, but its value and necessity is understood by everyone who has used it to bolster their professional and social lives. Before any networking event, you should already understand what you bring to the table, and how you are going to let the world know. If, on the other hand, you need help marketing yourself, or understanding how to highlight and advertise your positive qualities, contact Homework Help Global, and let us help put together a self-marketing plan that will let you nail networking at university and college. References: Brenner, D. (2018). “To Communicate Well, Listen First.” Forbes. Retrieved from: #6d6fb85232a9 Frank, J. (2015). “How to Nail Your Next Networking Event in 5 Easy Steps.” LinkedIn. Retrieved from: how-nail-your-next-networking-event-5-easy-steps-judy-frank

The Impact Of Technology On The Music Industry Essay

Technology has brought many advantageous opportunities to the music industry in the area of production and distribution. Besides popular and valuable instruments such as the electric guitar and the synthesizer, technology has brought us new production equipment such as high-fidelity microphones, re-mastering equipment and CD-ROMs that provide us with a crystal-clear sound of the recording. The development of these equipment has allowed the audience to experience a higher quality of sound coming from both live concerts and recordings. Easiness of transportation that came along with the technological developments in the sector, has allowed the record labels to distribute music all around the world. During the 1950s turbojet engines were cleared for civilian use, and with new civil jet-engine cargo aircraft distribution of almost any item became easier and faster than ever before. The evolution of the computer and the Internet was also a great distribution advantage for the music industry and should not be underestimated. New sound formats, such as the MP3, have made music distribution easier. Companies could now provide selling licenses to companies that would allow users to download certain songs from the Internet at a very high speed. The music industry also got many opportunities for advertisements since they were now not limited to billboards, TV and radio. Many companies can now promote their records by playing a preview for the user, on certain websites. RecordingShow MoreRelatedTechnology And Its Impact On The Music Industry Essay2573 Words   |  11 Pages Technology and Its Impact on the Music Industry Name College Technology and its Impact on the Music Industry Introduction The creation of musical works has always been culminated by several different processes and usually involves many people. The process takes a lot of time delaying the release of music. Advancement in technology has played a significant role in the music production by lowering the length of time it takes to produce recorded material. Artists usually sign a contractRead MoreImpact Of Technology On The Music Industry1933 Words   |  8 PagesOver the years, music has become portable, starting with the transistor to a set of headphones. Technology has allowed us to create a diverse musical culture. Music will always have an effect on one’s culture, and it has definitely mad a huge impact on the use of technology. Cultural diversity is about bringing people closer together though the World Wide Web. Many music publishers are the key to cultural diversity when it comes to publishing all genres. They will increasingly continue to play aRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Musi c Industry Essay2587 Words   |  11 PagesTechnology: The Significant Impacts on the Music Industry It’s intriguing how the music industry has significantly changed throughout the years due to the constant increase of technology. There are many different reasons to show how technology has made a huge impact whether positive or negative on this phenomenal industry. Music cultivates so much meaning to the world, and speaks volumes on the behalf of individuals when they don’t know what to physically say. That being said, whether it’s listeningRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Music Industry1845 Words   |  8 Pagestoday’s music is trash. It’s repetitive and oversimplified, and all because of this new music technology constantly being developed. A listener rarely hears a piece of music that has not been touched by technology, but this isn’t necessarily a bad thing. These people fail to realize that the theory of music technology has been around since the 1700’s when Mozart invented a game using a die to compose music by chance ( Baggi). It is also important to realize the true of meaning of technology to societyRead MoreImpact Of Technology On The Music Industry1414 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopments within the music industry are seemingly frequent and numerous due to diversity and the various issues faced. For a sector that consistently adapts to demand, it was logical to decipher a development which not only alters significant factors within the industry, but also a development which endures (and even encourages) smaller advancements. The increase in readily available technology has had a significant effect on the music industry. 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The Group have recorded a top 10 hit on the Top 40 UK Singles Chart in 2008 from their debut album â€Å"Started a Fire†. From your debut album Started a Fire, you had a top 10 hit with â€Å"Just For Tonight†. What did it take you to get to the point? How did you market and promote your band to get to this point, did itRead MoreThe Effect Of Digital Technology On The Music Industry1442 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ The effect of digital technology on the music industry Nowadays, teenagers are living constantly surrounded by technology. Even if the younger generation may not see it, technology has had an impact on different factors. The widespread use of digital technology in the music industry has allowed consumers to reproduce digital versions of copyrighted songs inexpensively, with the help of many software and websites. There has been an increase in digital copying activities and those are most ofRead MoreBenefits And Benefits Of The Performance1749 Words   |  7 PagesMichael Jackson could rake in half a billion dollars† (Sherwell, 2014). With such profit potential, it is likely that the popularity of holograms will increase among event organisers. Arguably, technology does increase the ease of making a profit in some aspects. A current issue within the industry stems from ticket resale websites. In the circumstances of popular artists, tickets can sell out in minutes only to be resold for dramatically increased prices. â€Å"Tickets for Brand New’s June tour sold

E-commerce Organisations - Business Strategy of HP, PC World, Comet Free Essay Example, 4000 words

Economic weakness and environment uncertainty have affected the financial performance of HP such as inventory management, revenues etc. Declining consumer and business confidence, decreasing access to credit, increasing unemployment and reducing consumer spending has also affected operations of HPHPEnsuring right forecast has become difficult for HP, however, to reduce economic uncertainty, the company focuses on historical forecasts. However, currency exchange rates, interest rates etc impact HP PC WorldFinance and executive committee regularly review a portfolio of businessIn 2008, defined Renewal and Transformation plan of business (Dixonretails, 2010)CometRevenues of a company have severely affected during the global financial crisisSocialChanging social patterns Changing living styles Changes in income patterns HPThe company believes that its revenues will be affected negatively if customers expectations are not met; therefore, new products are developed to meet their needsPC Wo rldMonitor mystery shopping collects customer exist data and purchase data for analysisFIVES customer service training for all staffContinuous innovationEasy navigation on a website (Dixonretails, 2009)CometCustomer oriented operations as evident from business strategy so that the needs of customers could be metTechnologicalThe technological developments and their trends are particularly high in this industryThe increasing demand for technology is offering more and more opportunities to companies operating in this industryHPThe business strategy of HP focuses on designing and manufacturing products which are according to the latest trends in technology and changing needs and desires of the customersTo meet the changing the needs of customers, a significant amount is being spent on research and development by HP. In 2007, 2008 and 2009, HP spent $3.6 billion, $3.5 billion and $2.8 billion on research and development (HP Annual Report, 2009)PC WorldGood supplier relationship such as a partner with Apple iPads (Dixonretails, 2009)Store transformation and new tech in processesEmphasis on e-commerceCometOnline services, phone services and chat services. We will write a custom essay sample on E-commerce Organisations - Business Strategy of HP, PC World, Comet or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now

You’re Fired Free Essays

Two words that people will go to extreme measures to never ever hear, pray, suck up to their boss and even†¦work hard. As frightening as these two words are, they play an essential role in the genius programme that is the Apprentice and honestly, those two words are the provider of my weekly supplement of entertainment. Have you realised just how downgraded television programmes have become? I have. We will write a custom essay sample on You’re Fired or any similar topic only for you Order Now The takeover of reality TV has completely lived up to new and changing consumer tastes but that doesn’t stop the show bosses of ITV from taking it too far. TV now is all about the fake tan, the drama of break ups and arguments. The Only Way is Essex, otherwise known as TOWIE (yes that’s the show that your children keep talking about) has officially taken over the meaning of television. The hair-tearing, teeth-wrenching-ly ridiculous programme means that I cannot turn on the TV without hearing â€Å"Well, jel.† Sorry, what? Thankfully, I have the Apprentice to keep me sane and just about alive. I’ve always found it most amusing to watch as the contestants introduce themselves â€Å"I’m better than unique; I’m naturally gifted in business,† claimed last year’s contestant Michael Copp who proved that he wasn’t so gifted in business after all when he was given the finger only 3 weeks into the arduous competition. The finger that I’m talking about, â€Å"the finger of dreaded doom† I think it should be called, is in fact Lord Sugar’s reputable gesture that does enough to send cold chills down my spine and leave contestants spluttering a combination of their tears and a part of their imperishable pride. Watching as they transform from the top dogs of the new business generation into helpless puppies that resort to pleading and begging in the hope that Lord Sugar will give them a second chance is simply hilarious; that is what I call pure entertai nment. The Apprentice is simply one of the best shows on TV at the moment which has managed to do the impossible in maintaining the qualities of good television; something which seems to have completely departed from our 40 inch television screens that now seem to lack purpose with the sheer amount of abhorrent and atrocious programmes that seem to occupy them. The Apprentice is the only programme around that is innovative and fresh; its concept is unique and actually meaningful – amazing, right? Unlike any of the other reality TV shows, the programme lives up to its purpose in showing us the truth and harsh reality behind business. It is just a touch of pure originality and excellence. It is becoming increasingly clear to see the importance that businesses have in modern society with successful businessmen having a tremendously important role in the world. The brilliance of this show is that is captures the truth about how business works in the real world and how you will really need more than just a dream to become successful. There aren’t many business gurus out there like Lord Sugar who will be willing to give people the opportunity to learn such essential skills in such an important sector of society. For the contestants to complete such gruelling tasks, gives them to chance to learn valuable skills that they will be able to manipulate in order to succeed. It’s not even just for the contestants; it’s an opportunity for people, especially young people sitting at home to learn about it too. I look forward to Season 9 and the next time that Lord Sugar sits down in the boarding room to announce â€Å"You’re fired†. Let the entertainment commence. How to cite You’re Fired, Papers

Health Care Old Versus New free essay sample

| Health Care In Our Nation, Old Versus New| | | | | I will compare the current health care system with the new Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) that became law on March 23, 2010. The current system, which is being phased out between 2011 and 2018 is increasingly inaccessible to many poor and lower-middle-class people. About 47 million Americans lack health insurance, an increase of more than two million people from 2005 (Rovner,2011) the increasingly complex warfare between insurers and hospitals over who pays the bills is gobbling up a great deal of money and the end result is that the United States pays roughly twice as much per capita for health care as Canada, France, and the United Kingdom yet experiences slightly lower life expectancy than those countries. President Barack Obama campaigned for the need to reform the American health care system, stating that the cost of health care was a â€Å"threat to our economy† and that health care should be a â€Å"right for every American. † (Rovner,2011) Thus began the passage of health care reform. On March 23, 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act became law. Private and Parochial schools have been competing with public schools for as long as I can remember. These schools have to show that they’re worth paying for or they don’t get customers. The health care industry, on the other hand doesn’t have government competition. The old health care system gave insurance companies all the power. It’s more along the lines of, pay us outrageous fees or you die. And even if you have their coverage they still look for ways to drop you from their insurance. I feel that under the new health care reform laws I won’t have to worry about getting laid off and losing my health insurance coverage again. There are 92 provisions in the ACA (Affordable Care Act) that are being implemented between the years 2011-2018. This essay however, will only cover the provisions I feel are of concern to most lower to middle class Americans, or should I state â€Å"financially struggling like myself†. I have also left out those provisions that are centered on small and large business owners to keep within the assignment directives and to simplify the comparisons. Since the recent recession that began in December 2007 nearly 7 million Americans have lost their jobs, also, there were an estimated 43 million uninsured prior to that (Many of these also lost the only health insurance coverage they had for themselves and their families. Former employees are given the option to buy temporary insurance through companies such as Cobra which contains provisions giving certain former employees, retirees, spouses and dependent children the right to temporary continuation of health coverage at group rates. However, this insurance is costly, well above the financial means of someone without a job. The typical cost for basic family coverage can be around $1,309. 00 per month. A cost that is nearly impossible to cover when you are unemployed or underemployed. Under the ACA, the following provisions would be considered pros for the average American. (a) Coverage will expand to cover nearly 95 percent of legal U. S. residents. Plus, preventative care will be free. (b) Increased regulation will stop insurance companies from rigging prices, for instance there was a recent 40% insurance premium increase in California. (c) Insurance companies will have to accept everyone. No more pre-existing condition exclusions. They can’t place limits on coverage anymore, either. (d) Cheaper prescriptions for seniors. e) Ensuring Free Choice. Workers who cannot afford the coverage provided by their employer may take whatever funds their employer might have contributed to their insurance and use these resources to help purchase a more affordable plan in the new health insurance exchanges. (f) Eliminating Annual Limits on Insurance Coverage. The law prohibits plans from imposing annual dollar limits on the amount of coverage an individual may receive. ( g) Insurers must now reveal how much money is spent on overhead. (h) Makes Care More Affordable. The act includes tax credits to make it easier for the middle class to afford insurance will become available for people with incomes above 100 percent and below 400 percent of poverty (i) Chain restaurants will be required to provide a nutrient content disclosure statement alongside their items. You will see calories listed both on in-store and drive-through menus of fast-food restaurants. (Affordable health care for America, 2010) Under the ACA, the following provisions would be considered cons for the average American. (a) Cuts in Medicare. The elderly on Medicare will see their benefits changed dramatically. The biggest item being used to pay for the new program is more than $500 billion in cuts to the Medicare program at a time when 72 million baby boomers become eligible for it in the next decade. The second biggest move to pay for this is by raising and expanding the Medicare tax. (b) No new incentives for primary care physicians (c) More taxes, the government has to pay for healthcare reform somehow. Taxing businesses is a big strategy. Families earning more than $250. 000 a year will have to pay higher Medicare taxes, also, this isn’t a tax, but employers will be fined $3,000 per employee if they don’t provide affordable medical coverage. Drea, 2010). However, the provision that is causing the most concern is insurance mandate: Almost everyone is required to be insured or else pay a fine. There is an exemption for low-income people. Mandate takes effect in 2014. (Right To Health Care, n. d) I personally feel the ACA will benefit most Americans for several reasons. Firs t, if you don’t have health insurance, you will have a choice of high quality, affordable coverage for yourself and family. Second, reform will finally bring skyrocketing health care costs under control. Third, reform will provide every American with some basic protections that will finally hold insurance companies accountable since they will not be able to discriminate against persons with pre-existing illness or conditions. Lastly, Americans can now purchase their health insurance coverage with the bargaining power that used to only be reserved for larger companies, Instead of individual policies which are extremely expensive. Bear in mind that from 2000 to 2006, health care premiums have increased 87% compared to overall inflation (an increase of 3. 5%) and wages (3. 8%). A ‘Public Entity’ would help keep costs from skyrocketing. (Right To Health Care, n. d). Working Americans may be experiencing something akin to sticker shock. The average cost of a family policy now exceeds $13,000 a year, having doubled over the last decade, according to a survey by the Kaiser Family Foundation. Similar increases over the next decade would translate to the average policy for a family costing in the neighborhood of $24. 000 a year. (â€Å"The Business of Health care,† 2009). I really had not paid that much attention to the new health reform act, prior to a personal tragedy that happened to my family recently. My sister Melissa had been covered by her employer sponsored health care plan for the last 18 years. For 17 of them she was the picture of health, no major illnesses or accidents requiring the use of her insurance other than the occasional checkup. So, about 3 years ago she decided to up her yearly deductibles and co-pays from $1,200 to $6,000 in favor of a lower monthly premium to help make other household bills easier. I’m sure she didn’t anticipate anything happening. And had she been covered under the new ACA she may not have had to worry about paying high medical bills. Unfortunately last December my sister was diagnosed with bi-polar disease, she also discovered she had breast cancer. On May 30th of this year my beloved sister took her own life. I’m not saying that her health insurance situation was the main reason for her decision to take her own life, but as we tried to convince her she needed to be re-hospitalized for her major depression, she would always say â€Å"I can’t afford it now†. The emotional trauma associated with her two illnesses and the constant worry over the medical bills only added to her anxiety and depression. Fear of hospital bills should not deter anyone from seeking medical care. I believe if I were able to get her back in the hospital my sister would possible still be here with us. Since my sister’s death I have come to realize that not being able to afford health care insurance could be the difference between life and death for some. How appalling to live in a country with such great wealth, yet millions face financial ruin if they are uninsured or even insured and their current insurance provider decides to drop them. I’m not saying that the new health care reform laws will be fix all our problems, but I feel it’s a good start, and again only time will tell. References Affordable health care for America. (2010, April 2) Prepared by committees on Ways Means, Energy Commerce And Education Labor, Retrieved from http://docs. house. gov/energycommerce/TIMELINE. pdf Drea, (2010). Filed in archive economy, government, politics. Business Pundit, Retrieved from http://www. businesspundit. om/the-pros-and-cons-of-the-new Insurance Premiums Still Rising Faster Than Inflation and Wages. (2009). The Business of Health Care. New York Times Retrieved from http://prescriptions. blogs. nytimes. com/2009/09/15/insurance-premiums-still-rising-faster-than- inflation-and-wages/ Rover, (2011). More Americans lack health insurance. NPR. Retrieved from http://www. npr. org/templates/story/story. php? storyId=14016079 Should all Americans have the right (be entitled) to health care? Right to Health Care. Retrieved from http://healthcare. procon. org/#Background

10th Literature and Notes Flashcard

10th Literature and Notes

Police Brutality.

Police Brutality. Police brutality in the United States is almost an everyday part of life. In most major cities across the country, officers abuse their authority in the most flagrant ways. New York and Los Angeles are the most notorious cities for police brutality. In February of 1999, New York police burst into an apartment building in pursuit of Amandou Diallo. The police officers shot forty-one bullets at the unarmed African and hit him nineteen times. Reverend Al Sharpton started a protest movement against the killing. In a jury trial of their peers the police officers who shot and killed an unarmed man were acquited of all charges. Mayor Rudolph Giuliani responded to the verdict by stating "Probaly until the day I die, I will always give officers the benefit of the doubt." Two days after the verdict, Malcolm Ferguson, also unarmed was gunned down in the same Bronx neighborhood where Diallo was shot.Speaker Pelosi presented the first Lantos Human Ri...Police officers engage in unjustified shooti ngs, severe beatings, fatal choking, and unnecessarily rough physical treatment in cities throughout the United States, while their police superiors, city officials, and the Justice Department fail to act decisively to restrain or penalize such acts or even to record the full magnitude of the problem. Habitually brutal officers - usually a small percentage of officers on a force - may be the subject of repeated complaints but are usually protected by their fellow officers and by the shoddiness of internal police investigations. A victim seeking redress faces obstacles at every point in the process, ranging from overt intimidation to the reluctance of local and federal prosecutors to take on brutality cases. Severe abuses persist because overwhelming barriers to accountability make it all too likely that officers who commit human rights violations escape due punishment to continue their abusive conduct.Human Rights Watch recognizes that...

Coaching Theories and Models Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Coaching Theories and Models - Essay Example An understanding of the particular needs of an employee and diagnosing them appropriately is one of the most important aspects in coaching. In this essay, a perspective of two coaching models will be considered in order to ensure that the best one is applied in coaching. The differences and similarities of the GROW theory and contingency model will be drawn. Both theories have advantages as well as disadvantages that will be compared through this analysis. The contingency model of coaching is a widely used theory in leadership. It is geared towards promoting performance among the employees. The main point of concern under this theory is the adoption of the balance between the performance and taking care of the needs of the people (employees). This theory requires that the manager act in an effective way that demonstrates respect for the employees. Coaching through this model has no particular pattern that the manager should adopt in order to achieve desirable employee performance. The situation of the employee is the one that determines the type of coaching style that is adopted. This model was developed by Julie White and Rick Tate in an endeavor to diagnose the needs of an employee in order to ensure that they exhibit good performance. The manager is required to customize their coaching to the specific needs of an employee. After diagnosis of the employee needs, the manager is required to develop effective and systematic approach of dealing with the needs of that specific employee (Impact Achievement Group, n.d). The GROW model is geared towards solving problems that emanate from the organizational setup for employees. Apart from providing solutions, the manager can step ahead to solve problems that emanate from the employees. This GROW model is an acronym that stand for Goal, Reality, Obstacles & Options, and Way forward. This model helps managers in dealing with day-to-today problems that confront employees in an organization. Despite having

Role in Criminal Procedure of US Constitution Essay

Role in Criminal Procedure of US Constitution - Essay Example In the US Constitution itself, there is an Article that includes provision for both pre-trial and trial rights. Article III, Section. 2, Clause 3 indicates that â€Å"[t]he Trial of all Crimes [†¦] shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been committed [†¦]† (National Archives, â€Å"Constitution of the United States, Art.III,  §.2, cl.3†, 1787) This passage determines two important elements of criminal procedure, namely the jury and venue. These are crucial while they describe the place and method of criminal procedure.As for the Bill of Rights, there are several Amendments that are relevant to the current research question. To be more specific, Amendments Fifth, Sixth and Eight seem to be the most important to determining criminal procedure. Within the Fifth Amendment, there are several crucial points to understand in regard to criminal procedure. First, this Amendment rejects punishment for capital or i nfamous crimes except for specific cases. Similarly, in the Eight Amendment, it is stated that â€Å"[e]xcessive bail shall not be required†, nor â€Å"excessive fines, nor cruel and unusual punishments.† (National Archive, â€Å"Bill of Rights, Amendment VIII†, 1789) Second, Amendment V also indicates that one person will not be answering twice for the same crime. Third, any person has the right not to witness against oneself. Finally, the Amendment does not allow the punishment of a person without due juridical process. (National Archive, â€Å"Bill of Rights, Amendment V†, 1789).

Identity as citizenship and the human rights

Identity as citizenship and the human rights This essay will be discussing about one of the three types of Bruneis citizenship. Brunei citizenship is divided into three categories. It is categorise by color which are yellow, purple and green and these color will be the color of the identity card hold by each of Brunei citizenships according to which citizenship they are categorised. In Brunei Darussalam, different identity card holder will get different specialty offered by the Bruneis government because in Brunei Darussalam, Brunei government is responsible for its citizen welfare. Specialty means welfare in terms of education, health care and job offer. The welfare given is different from one identity card holder to another. IDENTITY AS CITIZENSHIP AND THE HUMAN RIGHTS The focus of this essay will be on the purple card holder and my focal point is on students. The issue will be discuss after I elaborate the details of the purple citizenship status and their human rights in their stay in Brunei Darussalam. The purple card holder is for a citizen who came into Brunei Darussalam and married to a Brunei woman. This citizenship will also descent to their children if the father are not a local Bruneian. The child whose father holding the purple citizenship is categorise the same as their fathers citizenship even though they are born in Brunei. Purple card citizenship can also be given to people who plan to live permanently in Brunei Darussalam. The specialty given to the purple citizenship is different from what is given to the yellow card citizenship. Yellow citizenship is the pure citizenship which is called as local people. There is another citizenship status in Brunei which is a green card holder which will not be include in this discussion but the b est description is this type of citizenship is for temporary foreign worker who work in Brunei with two years renewable visa. The local people are the community who are given the specialty from the government in terms of education, health care and job offer. Local students are given scholarship for education. They do not have to pay anything for their primary school and secondary school even texts books are provided without any expense demands. Unlike the purple card citizenship, although they are born in Brunei they have to pay the school fees. The school fee is paid monthly and the cost will be increasing as they went to a higher level of education. Regarding health care, people with purple citizenship have to pay the amount of BND$30 for every prescription unlike the local citizenship which is the yellow card holder they only paying an amount of BND$1 for their prescription. They also have to pay for their stay if they were admitted in the hospital while local people pay nothing. Other than that, the purple card holder also cannot work as a government staff only until they get their yellow citizenship. The issue that questions this situation is why as a permanent citizenship (purple card holder) do not get the government specialty even though they have been staying in Brunei permanently and even some of them are born in Brunei. In Brunei if a local resident (yellow card holder) students applying for university they have to have an outstanding result in order to get a scholarship. If they are qualified with their result they will continue their study to the university and they will be given monthly allowance by the government. Unlike the purple citizenship, even though they get an outstanding result but they cannot enter the university by scholarship. They have to pay the school fee which is at the amount of BND$4000 per semester and this will cost them an overall of BND$24,000 for the whole degree course which took four years to be completed. As of the different welfare, occur some cases in Brunei where some parents did not afford to pay their childrens school fee and despondently their children are categorise as a very outstanding student in school. Sometime the students have to quit even at their early primary or secondary school because they could not continue their study due to financial matter. What makes it as a fair decision to differentiate a student with foreign father to pay for their education but they have been in Brunei since they born and are not going to another place to stay and grow other than in Brunei. If the government let them get the same benefit as the local resident will that harm the government in any way? This is the question which really needs a clear explanation especially for those who faced this situation. The children are considered as Brunei asset but why they have to be treated like foreigner. If the government cannot make any change to this children welfare who else can support their future. If the government cannot overcome this situation what will happen in the future if the number of unemployment is increasing. This would trouble the country and even adverse the future of Brunei because of the regardless of some outstanding asset. Below are the law and regulations of Brunei Government for applying the yellow card citizenship as stated in Brunei National Registry Members Section.  Available: http://www.imigresen.gov.bn.html. Last accessed 19th Jannuary 2011. The yellow card citizenship are recognise as the people of His Royal Highness Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam. Only this people are eligible to get the welfare specialty given by the government. So in order to get the entire welfare from the government the resident with purple card holder can apply to change their purple card to yellow by the following regulations. ABSOLUTE EFFECTIVE BY THE LAW (CHAPTER 4 OF THE NATIONAL STANDARD OF BRUNEI) Application Requirements Status as a people of His Royal Highness Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam: 1 Section is recognized as the Peoples Representatives of His Majesty Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam. 2 Assign legally in the country while the application is made. REGISTRATION BY [Chapter 5 (1), 6 (1) and 8 (1) OF THE NATIONAL STANDARD OF BRUNEI] CHAPTER 5 (1) THE APPLICANT IS BORN IN STATE Requirements for Applying for Status as the People of His Royal Highness Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam: The applicant has reached 18 years when the application is made The applicant is recognized as permanent residents to have Entry Permit / Residence Permit for 12 years from the date of issue Resided continuously in the country for 2 years prior to application Qualifications to people of His Majesty Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam: Good behavior (to be reviewed by the parties concerned) Malay Language Examination Citizenship Status should divest Origin Obedience Oath lift Seta (after obtaining consent of His Gracious Majesty Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam. CHAPTER 6 (1) APPLICATION STATUS BY FATHER / MOTHER / PARENTS lift CITIZENS OF BRUNEI Application Requirements Status as a people of His Royal Highness Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam The applicant is under 18 years old when the application is made Father / Mother / Parent Adoption is recognized as a people of His Majesty Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam Legally residing in Brunei Darussalam during the application is made. Eligibility To be people of His Majesty Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam Good behavior (to be reviewed by the parties concerned) Shall deprive Kewarganegraan Original Status CHAPTER 8 (1) THE APPLICANT IS BORN ABROAD Application Requirements Status as a people of His Royal Highness Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam The applicant is under 18 years old when the application is made The application is recognized as permanent residents with Entry Permit / Residence Permit for 20 years from the date of issue Resided continuously in the country for 2 years prior to application. Eligibility To be people of His Majesty Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam Good behavior (to be reviewed by the parties concerned) Passed the Malay Language Shall deprive Kewarganegraan Original Status Faithful Obedience Oath lift (after getting Perkenaan His Gracious Majesty Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam) As the regulation stated in the law of Department Of Immigration and National Registration Ministry of Domestic Affair Brunei it shows that it is applicable to be the people of His Majesty Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam as long as they are qualified according to the law and regulation of National regulation. Somehow what can be seen from the regulation is it took a very long time for a purple card citizen to become and even apply the yellow citizenship. It is at some points wasting their time waiting and also wasting their money to spend on expense demand as a purple citizenship while at the end they will still to be recognized as a yellow citizenship. Therefore in this case time is really matter because through time it shows how much we spend for the expense demand and we could thing how worth it is to spend that amount of money just to go through that time estimation stated in the regulation. What if within the time the students are not be able to continue their study just because they cannot afford to pay the fees and after a long time when they get the yellow citizenship but at that time it is already impossible for them to continue their study because of their age factor. In Brunei there is school regulation where only certain age can enter certain level of education as stated in Education System.  Available: http://www.moe.edu.bn. Last accessed 15th Jannuary 2011. If they could not continue their study just because of this matter then who are to be blame and who are to be responsible for their future. According to regulation on chapter 5(1) for applicants who born in Brunei. They can only apply the yellow citizenship if the y reach their age of 18 years old. But if we think about this prudently why do the parents have to pay for their education until they reach their age of 18 years old and then after that they are conform to be a local citizenship. This is a waste of money. Of course in terms of future it is sometimes under the responsibilities of their parents. But what if the father earns low income just because he cannot work with the government. The government cannot offer any job and he has to work at private sector with low salary because he is still waiting for the yellow citizenship and he could not get the job offer by the government since he is still holding the purple citizenship. This will affect the future of their child especially when they have number of children to depend on them. As stated in Job Vacancy.  Available: http://www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn. Last accessed 19th Jannuary 2011 which is showing the conditions for applying government job as below: General Conditions: The applicants of the people of His Majesty Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam. The applicant knowledge of kerasmian religion, customs, culture, social development, economics and politics of Brunei Darussalam. Willing to work anytime outside normal working hours on working on a rotation basis (shift) or during public holidays and also be willing to serve in any district in the country. In order for a child to rely on their fathers citizenship as stated in the regulation chapter 6(1) the father has to have a permit of 20 years as a purple citizenship (permanent citizenship) and the child must not yet reach the age of 18. Lets say the father has not reach the estimation time staying in Brunei for 20 years and the child are already eligible to apply the yellow citizenship, this would delayed the child from making the application for the yellow citizenship until they reach their age of 18 years old. There are also cases happen to purple citizen students where they have to postpone from entering the university because they have to wait until they reach their age of 18 years old to make them eligible to get the scholarship to enter the university as the regulation stated in admission.  Available: http://www.ubd.edu.bn. Last accessed 15th Jannuary 2011. They also do not have any option for example to work with the government even though the finished their study in the government school by fee because they have to have the yellow citizenship. In cases like this also happen that the child cannot make the application to get the yellow citizenship at all because if they already reach their age of 18 and was born abroad and their father have not reach the 20 years being a permanent resident they are no longer eligible to make an application. This is because as stated in chapter 8(1) if applicants are born abroad they are only eligible to make application before they reach the age of 18 years old. They also having problem to apply for scholarship to study abroad. In Brunei, students with outstanding A level result will be eligible to get study abroad scholarship but the condition is they must be holding the yellow citizenship as stated in Scholarship.  Available: http://www.moe.edu.bn. Last accessed 15th Jannuary 2011. For students who are holding purple citizenship, they cannot apply for this scholarship even they have got a very excellent result. Therefore some of them who did not afford to pay for a very expensive school fee cannot continue their study to a higher level of education especially university. Sometime they have to waste their time waiting for their citizenship application to be approved by the Department Of Immigration and National Registration Ministry of Domestic Affair Brunei. For applicants stated in chapter 8(1) the law and regulation of Department Of Immigration and National Registration Ministry of Domestic Affair Brunei for applicants who was born abroad in order to be have the yellow citizenship of Brunei they have to pass their Malay Language Test. If they do not pass the test they have to try until they can get through and qualified to be the yellow citizenship. In this cases happen that they have to try for so many years to be qualified but what is worth trying in years in order to get the scholarship if the scholarship has limit the requirement only to students who is below 25 years old. In Brunei if someone is to apply for education scholarship they must be not more than 25 years old. If someone with purple citizenship are recognised as the yellow citizenship after their age of 25 years old than what is worth fighting for doing the test in years while according to their academic qualification they are actually qualified to continue their study. For those who can afford to pay for their education to university level and manage to complete their degree with outstanding qualification that does not mean that they can work with the government. This is because the regulation to work with the government is they must have a yellow citizenship. If they do not qualified in terms of citizenship their academic result will not be considered by the government even though they are qualified in terms of academic qualification. In the end they have to spend years working with private sector and earn lower income which is not suitable for their academic qualification and what have they been going through will continuously happen to their children as well. Some of them also have to move to other country to seek for appropriate and suitable job for their qualification. CONCLUSION There are so many things to be considered and analysed in this issue. The regulation delayed the application in terms of the demand of the time requirements to be the yellow citizenship. Most applicants have to wait for a very long time until they are applicable to be the yellow citizenship. Along their journey to get the yellow citizenship they have lost so many valuable things such as their time, their effort and even their future. If this happen continuously to the resident of Brunei specially the purple citizen it will leads to a big lost to the country in terms of losing the intelligent assets and also will leads to massive number of unemployment in the future. It is not erroneous to put a law for people to apply the yellow citizenship of Brunei. But the time required for the purple citizenship to apply the yellow citizenship should be decreased for the country and resident own good and for a better future. (2,860 words) Bibligraphy: admission.  Available: http://www.ubd.edu.bn. Last accessed 15th Jannuary 2011 Education System.  Available: http://www.moe.edu.bn. Last accessed 15th Jannuary 2011. Job Vacancy.  Available: http://www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn. Last accessed 19th Jannuary 2011 Members Section.  Available: http://www.imigresen.gov.bn.html. Last accessed 19th Jannuary 2011 Scholarship.  Available: http://www.moe.edu.bn. Last accessed 15th Jannuary 2011.

George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four 1984 :: Free Essays on 1984

The Orwell’s perception of an ideal government is pretty much the same as Montesqueue describes in â€Å"Persian letters†. They both seem to think that the best government would be one in which power was balanced among three groups of officials. As opposed to totalitarian regime of the Party, Montesque’s ideal government would be the government elected by people and not a product of a despotic ruler’s ideas. He, as well as the Orwell believed that the success of democracy- a government in which the people have the power - depended upon maintaining the right balance of power. Moreover, the only way of achieving this would be dividing power onto three branches: an authority that enforced laws (like a king), Parliament, which made laws, and the judges in courts who interpreted laws. According to Montesqueue it is called ‘separation of powers’. Avoiding placing too much power on one individual or group of individuals would certainly prevent total itarian governments of coming into existence. Therefore, no branch of the government could threaten the freedom of the people. Orwell’s society displays a threatening projection of a totalitarian system into the future. Indeed it is a regime very similar to the tyrannies of the 20th century and strongly echoes Stalin Russia or Nazi Germany. The dominant mood inside this repressive system is one of threat and suppression due to the systematic persecution and oppression of non-conformists. As Goldstein explains in his ‘Oligarchical Collectivism’ there have always been three classes: the high, the middle and the low with the middle and the high constantly changing their respective position. Eventually this movement was identified by historians as being cyclical. In an attempt to interrupt this recurring pattern the Party is essentially focusing on the problem of Stability. Indeed Stability becomes principal in Oceania as well as in the other two superpowers Eastasia and Eurasia. In short it is the problem of how to keep things the way they are and maintain a hierarchical society without risk ing an overthrow of the established system. Several devices and attitudes have been conceived to achieve this aim. First of all the Party constantly controls and monitors its subjects. A crucial device in this scheme is the telescreen which, by being able to send as well as to receive information, allows a constant surveillance of all Party members. In addition other institutions such as the Thought Police or the Spies have been contrived to guarantee a maximum of surveillance.

Critical Analysis and Research on Sylvia Plath’s poems Essay

The literary tradition Plath is most closely associated with: Confessionalism, engenders robust biographical interpretation due to the innately self-revelatory idiom. Plath, even more so than other Confessional poets like Anne Sexton or Robert Lowell, explored the poetic possibilities of contemporaneous self-expression which involved intimate, sometimes deeply personal psychological and biographical revelation. This aspect, along with deftly executed figurative language, expressive and interesting prosody, and stark, often violent imagery distinguishes the poems of Plath’s most well-known book of verse â€Å"Ariel. † Plath’s most famous poem â€Å"Daddy† enjoys myriad biographical interpretations, an understanding of which are as necessary as understanding the poem’s other dimensions: prosody, rhyme, image, and theme for a thorough reading of the poem. Interestingly, Plath her self noted, in a reading for the BBC, that â€Å"Daddy† was â€Å"spoken by a girl with an Electra complex. Her father died while she thought he was God. Her case is complicated by the fact that her father was also a Nazi and her mother very possibly part Jewish. † (Plath, Nos. 166-188). These words express Plath’s attempt to pace a narrative distance between herself and the speaker of the poem and seem to indicate that she felt such a distinction failed to be strongly apparent in the poem itself. This latter conclusion is understandable; close inspection of Plath’s diary, biographies, and the lines of â€Å"Daddy† exhume a potent parallels between the events described in the poem and the events of Plath’s life. Beginning with the most obvious parallel as well as the poem’s central theme of a â€Å"girl with an Electra complex,† Plath’s journals reveal that she, indeed, suffered personally from an â€Å"Electra complex. † While undergoing treatment with her psychologist Dr. Ruth Beuscher, Plath experienced a cathartic emotional climax during psychotherapy and recorded her subsequent Sylvia Plath’s Poems Page -2- thoughts. Plath also noted that her father was an â€Å"ogre† and â€Å"tyrant† and that he kept a hidden Nazi flag in his closet which he occasionally paraded in front of while dressed in Nazi regalia. â€Å"He wouldn’t go to a doctor, wouldn’t believe in God and heiled Hitler in the privacy of his home. † Of her mother Plath observed, â€Å"She suffered{†¦ } bound to the track naked and the train called Life coming with a frown and a choo-choo around the bend. † (Plath Journal, 430) This latter turn of phrase (with its train imagery) informs the imagery of Daddy when Plath writes: â€Å"An engine, an engine/ Chuffing me off like a Jew. † Likewise, the Nazi imagery of â€Å"Daddy† conveys a sense of bleakest hopelessness, with Plath directly identifying her own childhood pain and loss of her father with the persecution of the Jews by the Nazis. â€Å"I have always been scared of you/ With your Luftwaffe, your gobbledygoo. / And your neat mustache/And your Arayan eye, bright blue. † Although the poem expresses the dramatic revelation of an â€Å"Electra complex,† the poem’s opening lines foreshadow a strange inversion of powers; the admonition â€Å"You do not do, you do not do/ Any more, black shoe† portends or infers that the speaker has won a victory over her oppressor (s); taken at their full impact, the opening lines convey not only a release from the familial neurosis implied by the aforementioned biographical details, but a sinister hint at the poem’s ultimately suicidal themes. The line â€Å"in which I have lived like a foot/For thirty years, poor and white† mean to strike to the heart of the poet’s entire life and not merely the â€Å"Electra complex† that is so obviously rendered. The â€Å"shoe† is all form of oppression and constriction, though throughout the poem there is a strong sense of male domination and patriarchal oppression. â€Å"Of the poems that Sylvia Plath’s Poems Page -3- concentrate on the family, those dealing with the father provide the clearest and most powerful example of Plath’s divided conception of the universe. † (Rosenblatt 119) That said, the poem gains its most sinister and perhaps most powerful energies from deeply autobiographical confession. Lines such as â€Å"In the waters off beautiful Nauset. /I used to pray to recover you. † can only be interpreted as personal motifs, since Plath summered in Nauset with her family and often referred to this time period as the most gloriously happy in her life. Memory, in the poem, is like the child remembers: â€Å"Daddy† brilliantly enlarges the memory of Plath’s father to legendary proportions. â€Å"Plath dramatizes the situation between daughter and father as if no time had passed since the father’s death: the emotional situation is still burning in her consciousness. † (Rosenblatt 160) This constant tension between the ideal and the real – the remembered and the present – the child and the grown woman mirror the universal experiences of most people whether the specific biographical details are similar. In order to firmly establish the mythical impact of her private â€Å"theater† Plath employs heroic exaggeration via the imagery of the poem: While most of the geographical references in Plath’s poetry are to New England or England, â€Å"Daddy† refers to San Francisco in the lines â€Å"Ghastly statue with one gray toe / Big as a Frisco Seal / And a head in the freakish Atlantic. † These lines identify the daddy in the poem as a colossus who stretches across America from the Atlantic to the Pacific–a colossus even larger than the one described in â€Å"The Colossus. † (ANO194) Similarly, Plath demonstrates that her personal life, as a focused theme for her thoroughly crafted poetry, attains a mythical stature in the process. This mythical resonance is prevalent in her poem â€Å"medusa,† which, while not as generally well-known as â€Å"Daddy† is actually a complimentary piece to the more famous work, with Medusa providing the maternal aspect of the Sylvia Plath’s Poems Page -4- two parentally themed pieces: â€Å"†Medusa† corresponds in Plath’s work to â€Å"Daddy†: both represent the search for freedom from parental figures. † (Rosenblatt 127) If â€Å"Daddy† drew upon events from Plath’s life and juxtaposed them with sweeping images drawn from world history, â€Å"Medusa† presents a more directly mythological connotation. From the title, alone, the reader is set to expect a resonance with Greek myth. However, what ensues is an inversion of the technique employed in â€Å"Daddy,† which utilized a mathematically precise rhyme scheme and colloquial diction to elevate the personal to the status of myth. In â€Å"Medusa,† a well-known myth is used as a kind of â€Å"anchor† by which the personal can be magnified and universally comprehended. Plath imagines her mother as the Medusa, capable of turning all who look at her into stone. â€Å"†Medusa† paints the portrait of a similar figure: she observes the speaker from across the Atlantic; she has a hideous head that can apparently turn the self to stone; and she wishes to hurt the speaker. † (Rosenblatt 127) One of the most interesting images in the poem is that of the Atlantic cable viewed by the poet as a â€Å"barnacled umbilicus† which keeps her tied to the â€Å"stone† world of Medusa with its â€Å"God-ball,/Lens of mercies† and Medusa’s â€Å"stooges† following the poet â€Å"Dragging their Jesus hair. † This image also allows the infusion of biographical details, as in â€Å"Daddy† and in nearly all of the â€Å"Ariel† poems, as functional a part of the aesthetic as meter, rhyme, and diction. â€Å"The reference in the poem to the umbilical attachment between the poet and Medusa identifies this figure as the mother. Plath also alludes to a visit that her mother made to England in the summer of 1962 in the line: â€Å"You steamed to me over the sea. â€Å"[†¦ ]†Medusa† attempts to cast off the parental image and to attain personal independence. † (Rosenblatt 127) Sylvia Plath’s Poems Page -5- The diction of â€Å"Medusa† is deliberately colloquial, conversational and punctuated by complex, corresponding imagery and figurative language. This alloy of disparate impulses, one toward the informality of a phone call or table-conversation, the other for the deep mythological reference and probing psychological confession, produces a brilliant and enduring poetic tension in Plath’s â€Å"Ariel† poems. Perhaps more than nay other single poem in the â€Å"Ariel† sequence, â€Å"Lady Lazarus† pushes the parameters of the poetic idiom described above. The subject of Lady Lazarus, like the subject of â€Å"Daddy† and â€Å"Medusa† is simultaneously autobiographical and mythological. In this poem, Plath conjoins her first suicide attempt with the Biblical story of Lazarus. And again, Plath produces a tension in diction by contrasting formal and colloquial language. â€Å"Lady Lazarus† defines the central aesthetic principles of Plath’s late poetry. First, the poem derives its dominant effects from the colloquial language. From the conversational opening (â€Å"I have done it again†) to the clipped warnings of the ending (â€Å"Beware / Beware†), â€Å"Lady Lazarus† appears as the monologue of a woman speaking spontaneously out of her pain and psychic disintegration. † (Rosenblatt 40) Against the predominantly colloquial diction, complex Latinate terms and phrases are contrasted providing the voice of the â€Å"establishment,† of the â€Å"enemy† and the numb, indifferent, objective world. â€Å" The Latinate terms (â€Å"annihilate,† â€Å"filaments,† â€Å"opus,† â€Å"valuable†) are introduced as sudden contrasts to the essentially simple language of the speaker. † (Rosenblatt 40) The prosody of â€Å"Lady Lazarus,† with its sporadic, nursery-rhyme like rhymes: â€Å"I do it exceptionally well/ I do it so it feels like hell† â€Å"A wedding ring,/ A gold filling† ventures near the territory of light-verse, but the poem’s themes and images are anything but light. The strain of the prosody and diction against the profound themes of suicide, Nazism, psychiatric and medical Sylvia Plath’s Poems Page -6- tyranny, and social-alienation is produced without poetic collapse due to Plath’s unerring control of language: â€Å"The inventiveness of the language demonstrates Plath’s ability to create[†¦ ] an appropriate oral medium for the distorted mental states of the speaker. The sexual pun on â€Å"charge† in the first line above; the bastardization of German (â€Å"Herr Enemy†); the combination of Latinate diction (â€Å"opus,† â€Å"valuable†) and colloquial phrasing (â€Å"charge,† â€Å"So, so †¦ â€Å")—all these linguistic elements reveal a character who has been grotesquely split into warring selves. (Rosenblatt 39) â€Å"Lady Lazarus† closes, like â€Å"Daddy† and â€Å"Medusa† with the affirmation of the speaker’s vengeful triumph over adversaries. This closing â€Å"sting† in many of the most successful of the â€Å"Ariel† poems suggests a rebirth for the fragmented self described in â€Å"Lady Lazarus. † The successful rebirth also indicates another, if secondary impulse, in the â€Å"Ariel† poems, that of communal identification or empathy. It is as though poet, having undergone the vivisections of â€Å"Daddy† â€Å"Medusa† â€Å"Lady Lazarus† and other poems, can now empathize with others who have been similarly wounded. An ironic take on this aspect is the pome’ The Applicant,† which substitutes the idea of salesmanship for compassion, admitting, however, that identification with the customer is a necessary component of selling. â€Å"One of the more bitter poems in Ariel is â€Å"The Applicant† ( October 11, 1962), a portrait of marriage in contemporary western culture[†¦ ] Somehow all interaction between people, and especially that between men and women, given the history of the use of women as items of barter, is conditioned by the ethics and assumptions of a bureaucratized market place. † (Annas 104) Plath’s melding of colloquial and formal diction in â€Å"The Applicant† results in an ironically bitter observation on the consequences of human-objectification, a theme which upon close inspection informs nearly all of the â€Å"Ariel† poems. Works Cited Annas, Pamela J. A Disturbance in Mirrors: The Poetry of Sylvia Plath. New York: Greenwood Press, 1988. Plath, Sylvia. The Unabridged Journals of Sylvia Plath. New York NY Anchor Books. 2000. Plath, Sylvia. â€Å"The Source of the Vampire and â€Å"Frisco Seal† in Plath’s â€Å"Daddy†. † ANQ 4. 4 (1991): 194-194. Rosenblatt, Jon. Sylvia Plath: The Poetry of Initiation. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1979.

The Early History of the Internet

On a cold war kind of day in 1969, work began on ARPAnet, the grandfather to the Internet. Designed as a computer version of the nuclear bomb shelter, ARPAnet protected the flow of information between military installations by creating a network of geographically separated computers that could exchange information via a newly developed technology called NCP or Network Control Protocol. ARPA  stands for the Advanced Research Projects Agency, a branch of the military that developed top secret systems and weapons during the Cold War. But Charles M. Herzfeld, the former director of ARPA, stated that ARPAnet was not created due to military needs and that it â€Å"came out of our frustration that there were only a limited number of large, powerful research computers in the country and that many research investigators who should have access were geographically separated from them.   Originally, there were only four computers connected when ARPAnet was created. They were located in the respective computer research labs of UCLA (Honeywell DDP 516 computer), Stanford Research Institute (SDS-940 computer), University of California, Santa Barbara (IBM 360/75) and the University of Utah (DEC PDP-10). The first data exchange over this new network occurred between computers at UCLA and the Stanford Research Institute. On their first attempt to log into Stanfords computer by typing log win, UCLA researchers crashed their computer when they typed the letter g. As the network expanded, different models of computers were connected, which created compatibility problems. The solution rested in a better set of protocols called TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) that were designed in 1982. The protocol worked by breaking data into IP (Internet Protocol) packets, like individually addressed digital envelopes. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) then makes sure the packets are delivered from client to server and reassembled in the right order. Under ARPAnet, several major innovations occurred. Some examples are  email  (or electronic mail), a system that allows for simple messages to be sent to another person across the network (1971), telnet, a remote connection service for controlling a computer (1972) and file transfer protocol (FTP), which allows information to be sent from one computer to another in bulk (1973). And as non-military uses for the network increased, more and more people had access and it was no longer safe for military purposes. As a result, MILnet, a military only network, was started in 1983. Internet Protocol software was soon being placed on every type of computer. Universities and research groups also began using in-house networks known as  Local Area Networks  or LANs. These in-house networks then started using Internet Protocol software so one LAN could connect with other LANs. In 1986, one LAN branched out to form a new competing network called NSFnet (National Science Foundation  Network). NSFnet first linked together the five national supercomputer centers, then every major university. Over time, it started to replace the slower ARPAnet, which was finally shutdown in 1990. NSFnet formed the backbone of what we call the Internet today. Here’s a quote from the U.S. Department report The Emerging Digital Economy: The Internets pace of adoption eclipses all other technologies that preceded it. Radio was in existence 38 years before 50 million people tuned in; TV took 13 years to reach that benchmark. Sixteen years after the first PC kit came out, 50 million people were using one. Once it was opened to the general public, the Internet crossed that line in four years.